废油脂制备表面活性剂及在浮选脱墨中的应用

Preparation of Surfactants from Waste Oil and Application in Flotation Deinking

关键词:  废弃食用油  表面活性剂  酰胺类表面活性剂  季铵盐表面活性剂

Key Words:waste oil  deinking agent  amide surfactants  quaternary ammonium salt surfactants

摘要:以废弃食用油（简称废油脂）为原料，合成了两种废纸脱墨常用的表面活性剂：脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基胺和脂肪酰胺型季铵盐；通过条件实验获得两种表面活性剂的最佳合成条件；考察了两种表面活性剂对旧报纸的浮选脱墨效果，并与市售表面活性剂（AEO-9和皂钠）进行比较。结果表明，脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基胺的最优合成条件为：反应温度110℃，反应时间2 h，物料摩尔比1∶1.1，转化率62%；脂肪酰胺型季铵盐的最优合成条件为：以异丙醇作溶剂，反应温度72℃，反应时间0.5 h，溶剂用量20%，转化率82.7%。两种表面活性剂单独使用时，脱墨后纸浆白度均高于采用市售表面活性剂AEO-9和皂钠的，两种表面活性剂以1∶1比例复配后使用，脱墨后纸浆白度可达54.3%，这两种表面活性剂均可与AEO-9复配使用，且效果比单独使用AEO-9时纸浆白度可分别提高7.3个百分点和5.6个百分点。

Abstract:Two kinds of surfactants fatty amide propyl dimethyl amine and fatty amide type quaternary ammonium salt could be synthesized by waste edible vegetable oil (Abbreviation: waste oil). The optimal conditions of synthesizing fatty amido propyl dimethyl amine were obtained by conditional experiments with temperature of 110℃, time of 2 h, material ratio of 1∶1.1, conversion rate of 62%; the optimal conditions of synthesizing fatty acid type quaternary ammonium salt using isopropyl alcohol as solvent were determined as the follows: temperature 72℃, time 0.5 h, solvent content 20%, conversion rate 82.7%. This paper verified the deinking effenciencies of these two surfactants for old newspaper, and compared their deinking results with AEO-9 and commercial soap. Results showed that the deinked pulp brightness using these two surfactants separately was superior to AEO-9 and commercial soap, the brightness of the pulp deinked with the mixture of these two surfactants in the ratio of 1∶1 could reached to 54.3%, these two surfactants mixed with AEO-9 separately could achieve 6 and 6 percentage points higher brightness than using AEO-9 alone．