纤维尺寸分级对滤纸水过滤性能影响的研究

Study on the Effect of Fiber Size Classification on Water Filtration Properties of Filter Paper

关键词:  过滤效率  透气度  纤维尺寸

Key Words:filtration efficiency  air permeability  fiber size

摘要:本研究以玻璃棉和原纤化芳纶纤维为研究对象，通过鲍尔筛分仪对纤维进行尺寸分级。分析了不同筛分段纤维的形态、长度和直径的变化。结果表明，随着筛板孔径的降低，纤维的平均直径、最大直径和长度显著降低；同时，纤维直径离散度降低，玻璃棉直径的标准差系数从103.9%减小至74.5%，原纤化芳纶纤维直径的标准差系数从188.0%减小至92.9%，因此滤材表面平整度提升且孔径分布更加集中。纤维尺寸分级对不同纤维滤材的水过滤性能影响不同。具体而言，原纤化芳纶未通过孔径0.600 mm筛板的纤维滤纸对0.3 µm颗粒的过滤效率最高为60.33%，随着筛板孔径的降低，滤纸对0.3 µm颗粒的过滤效率下降；玻璃棉通过孔径0.075 mm筛板的纤维滤纸对0.3 µm颗粒的过滤效率最高为43.46%，随着筛板孔径的降低，滤纸对0.3 µm颗粒的过滤效率升高。

Abstract:In this study， glass fiber and aramid fiber were used as the research objects， and the fibers were size graded by Bauer sieve instrument. The changes in the morphology， length， and diameter of the different sieving segments were analyzed in the experiment. The results showed that the average diameter， maximum diameter， and length of the fibers decreased significantly with the decrease of the pore size of screening mesh. At the same time， the fiber diameter dispersion decreased， the standard deviation coefficient of glass fiber diameter decreased from 103.9% to 74.5%， and the standard deviation coefficient of aramid fiber diameter decreased from 188.0% to 92.9%. Therefore， the surface flatness of the filter material was improved and the pore size distribution was more concentrated. The fiber size classification had different effects on the water filtration performance of different fiber filter materials. Specifically， the maximum filtration efficiency of the fiber filter paper of the aramid fiber that did not pass through the sieve plate with a pore size of 0.600 mm for 0.3 µm particles was 60.33%. With the decrease of the sieve plate pore size， the filtration efficiency of the filter paper for 0.3 µm particles decreased. The filtration efficiency of the fiber filter paper with glass fiber passing through a 0.075 mm sieve plate for 0.3 µm particles was the highest at 43.46%. As the aperture of the sieve plate decreases， the filtration efficiency of the filter paper for 0.3 µm particles increased.