生物基2D/3D油水分离材料研究进展

Research Progress of Bio-based 2D/3D Oil-water Separation Materials

关键词:  纸张  油水分离  生物质  纳米材料  界面

Key Words:paper  separation of oil and water  biomass  nanomaterials  interface

摘要:当前由于漏油事故以及工业油性废水污染，对环境以及人类健康造成严重危害，采取有效措施完成高效油水分离具有重要意义。相较于传统的机械法、过滤法带来的高能耗、不可回收性等问题，纤维素、壳聚糖等生物基油水分离材料凭借生物降解性、生物相容性和原材料丰富等独特优势受到诸多学者青睐。本文依据2D、3D生物基油水分离材料的制备方式不同，总结了近几年中通过浸涂、抽滤、静电纺丝等制备2D生物基油水分离材料的常见策略，并且分析了其对表面微纳米结构和表面能的调控机制。总结了定向冷冻、气泡法、溶液反应法等制备3D生物基油水分离材料方法带来的优势和缺陷。同时对各种材料及其制备方法和实际应用场景进行对比分析。最后讨论了生物基油水分离材料在合成和实际应用中存在的问题，并对未来更低碳环保、更高效分离、更强机械性能的生物基油水分离材料等挑战进行了展望。

Abstract:Currently， oil leakage incidents and industrial oily wastewater pollution have inflicted significant damage on both the environment and human health. Consequently， it is imperative to implement effective measures for efficient oil-water separation. Traditional mechanical and filtration methods are often associated with high energy consumption and non-recyclability. In contrast， bio-based oil-water separation materials such as cellulose and chitosan have garnered considerable attention from scholars due to their biodegradability， biocompatibility， and abundant raw material sources. This paper systematically reviewed the preparation strategies of 2D and 3D bio-based oil-water separation materials. Specifically， it summarizeed recent advancements in the preparation of 2D bio-based materials through dip coating， pumping filtration， and electrospinning， while analyzing the regulatory mechanisms governing surface micro-nano structures and surface energy. Additionally， it compareed the improvement and limitation of 3D bio-based materials prepared via directional freezing， bubble templating， and solution reaction methods. The study also evaluateed various materials and their preparation techniques， and practical application scenarios. Finally， it addresseed existing challenges in the synthesis and practical application of bio-based oil-water separation materials， forecasting future trends towards lower carbon emissions， enhanced environmental protection， more efficient separation， and improved mechanical properties.