木糖渣的改性处理与聚氨酯泡沫制备

Modification of corn cob residue from xylose production and fabrication of polyurethane foam

关键词:  木糖渣  木糖渣多元醇  聚氨酯泡沫  水  环戊烷

Key Words:xylose residue  Xylose residue polyol  polyurethane foam  water  cyclopentane

摘要:本研究采用木糖渣为原料,以聚乙二醇和丙三醇为改性剂,在特定条件下液化制备木糖渣多元醇,并以水和环戊烷为发泡剂,按比例加入催化剂、聚氨酯匀泡剂和多异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯泡沫。通过探索发泡剂、聚氨酯匀泡剂、催化剂的用量对发泡过程的影响,开发了组合料配方,并优化泡沫性能,同时解决了木糖渣多元醇发泡速度慢的关键问题。结果表明,水系发泡下的最佳配比,压缩强度达到了257 kPa,而以环戊烷为发泡剂的最佳配比,压缩强度达到了320 kPa；同时,调整催化剂比例和多元醇的pH值,显著提高了聚氨酯泡沫的发泡速度。其中水系发泡下的硬泡,随着KOH的加入量到60 mg,起泡时间从120 s缩短到了50 s,发泡时间从170 s缩短到了90 s；以环戊烷为发泡剂的硬泡,随着KOH加入量到75 mg时,起泡时间从104 s缩短到了52 s,发泡时间从101 s缩短到了80 s。

Abstract:In this study, xylose residue was used as raw material, polyethylene glycol and glycerol as modifier, liquefaction under specific conditions to prepare xylose residue polyol, water and cyclopentane as blowing agent, and proportionately added catalyst, polyurethane foaming agent and polyisocyanate to prepare polyurethane foam. By exploring the influence of the amount of foaming agent, polyurethane foaming agent and catalyst on the foaming process, the formulation of composite material was developed, and the foam performance was optimized, and the key problem of slow foaming speed of xylose residue polyol was solved. The results showed that the compressive strength reached 257 kPa under aqueous foaming, and 320 kPa under cyclopentane foaming agent. At the same time, adjusting the proportion of catalyst and pH value of polyol significantly increased the foaming speed of polyurethane foam. With the addition of KOH to 60 mg, the foaming time was shortened from 120 s to 50 s, and the foaming time was shortened from 170 s to 90 s. When the amount of KOH increased to 75 mg, the foaming time decreased from 104 s to 52 s, and the foaming time decreased from 101 s to 80 s.