纤维素基碳材料作为氧还原反应催化剂的研究进展

Research progress of cellulose-based carbon materials as oxygen reduction catalysts

关键词:  纤维素  碳材料  催化剂  氧还原反应

Key Words:cellulose  carbon materials  catalysts  oxygen reduction reaction

摘要:纤维素基碳材料作为氧还原反应（ORR）催化剂表现出了优异的性能；近年来，随着对清洁能源技术需求的不断提升，传统铂基催化剂因成本高、资源稀缺及稳定性差等问题受到限制，推动了非贵金属催化剂的研究发展，以丰富的可再生纤维素制备多孔碳电催化剂具有低成本、高比表面积、有序可调的孔隙、良好的化学稳定性和导电性等优点。本文系统总结了纤维素基碳材料的制备方法及形成机理，主要包括水热碳化法、化学/物理活化法、模板法和气凝胶碳化法，探讨了不同方法对材料结构和性能的影响。综述了纤维素基碳材料在电催化氧还原反应中的研究进展，并比较了不同结构材料的性能表现。最后，对纤维素基碳材料在电催化领域的研究与应用前景进行了展望。

Abstract:Cellulose-based carbon materials have shown excellent performance as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In recent years, the growing demand for clean energy technologies has highlighted the limitations of traditional platinum-based catalysts, including high cost, limited resource availability, and poor long-term stability. This has stimulated increasing interest in non-precious metal alternatives. Porous carbon electrocatalysts derived from abundant and renewable cellulose offer several advantages, such as low cost, high specific surface area, ordered and tunable porosity, good chemical stability, and excellent electrical conductivity. This review systematically summarizes the preparation methods and formation mechanisms of cellulose-derived carbon materials, including hydrothermal carbonization, chemical/physical activation, hard templating, and aerogel carbonization, and discusses how these methods affect the resulting structure and catalytic performance. Recent progress in the application of cellulose-based carbon materials for electrocatalytic ORR is also summarized, along with a comparative analysis of materials with different structural characteristics. Finally, future research directions and application prospects for cellulose-based carbon materials in electrocatalysis are proposed.