六种野生藤本植物纤维形态和化学成分分析

Study on the Fiber Morphology and Chemical Properties of Six Wild Vine Species

关键词:  野生藤本植物  纤维形态  化学成分  物理性质  生物结构

Key Words:wild vine  fiber morphology  chemical composition  physical property biological structure

摘要:藤本植物因其优异纤维特性在轻纺领域有着广泛的应用。本研究以刺果藤、红藤、囊托羊蹄甲、密花胡颓子、毛葡萄、象鼻藤等六种野生藤本植物为对象，对其韧皮部纤维的形态、物理性能和化学成分进行研究。结果显示，六种藤本植物纤维长度在0.8-2.1 mm，囊托羊蹄甲纤维长宽比最大（98.5）；红藤密度最小（1.58 g·cm-3），囊托羊蹄甲微纤丝角最小（6 – 9°）、结晶度最高（88.83%）；刺果藤纤维力学性能最优，湿法零距抗张指数达45.8 N·m·g-1；化学组成上，红藤纤维素（34.83%）和半纤维素（19.28%）含量最高，灰分含量（2.51%）最低。该研究为野生藤本植物纤维资源在轻纺领域的潜在应用提供重要科学依据。

Abstract:Lianas have a wide range of applications in the field of light textiles due to their excellent fiber properties. In this study, the morphology, physical properties and chemical composition of the bast fibers of six wild lianas, including Byttneria grandifolia?Candolle, Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliver) Rehder & E. H. Wilson, Bauhinia touranensis Gagnepain, Elaeagnus conferta Roxburgh, Vitis heyneana Roemer & Schultes, Dalbergia mimosoides Franchet, were examined and analyzed. The results showed that the fiber lengths of the six lianas were in the range of 0.8-2.1 mm, and the length-to-width ratio of the Bauhinia touranensis Gagnepain fibers was the largest (98.5); the density of the Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliver) Rehder & E. H. Wilson was the smallest (1.58 g·cm-3), the Bauhinia touranensis Gagnepain microfibrillar filament angle was the smallest (6 – 9°), and the degree of crystallinity was the highest (88.83%), and the mechanical performance of the Byttneria grandifolia?Candolle fibers was the best, with the wet zero-distance tensile index of 45.8 N·m·g-1; In terms of chemical composition, Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliver) Rehder & E. H. Wilson had the highest cellulose (34.83%) and hemicellulose (19.28%) content and the lowest ash content (2.51%). This study provides an important scientific basis for the potential application of wild rattan fiber resources in the field of light textiles.