馆藏重彩纸质书画文物表面霉斑清洗实验研究

Experimental Study on Cleaning Mildew on the Surface of Heavy Colored Paper and Calligraphy Relics in Collections

关键词:  重彩纸质书画文物  霉斑  清洗液

Key Words:heavy color paper painting and calligraphy relics  mildew  cleaning solution

摘要:本研究以陕西历史博物馆馆藏《人物纸本立幅》为研究对象，对霉斑清除展开讨论。在对本幅重彩书画颜料成分进行分析的基础上，分离纯化鉴定书画表面霉斑的种属，再利用培养成功的菌株制作矿物颜料和非矿物颜料霉斑模拟样品，选用质量分数75%酒精清洗液、质量分数3%木瓜蛋白酶清洗液、质量分数3%木瓜蛋白酶和质量分数0.05%抗坏血酸复配清洗液及质量分数3%木瓜蛋白酶和质量分数5%甜菜碱复配清洗液4种清洗液进行霉斑清洗实验。结果表明，质量分数3%木瓜蛋白酶和质量分数5%甜菜碱复配清洗液对霉斑模拟样品清洗效果较好，对样品色差、光泽度、pH值以及纸张的物理性能影响较小，可用于浅蓝灰曲霉产生霉斑的清洗。

Abstract:This study took the collection of “Characters on paper” in Shaanxi History Museum as the research object to discuss the removal of mildew. On the basis of the analysis of the pigment components of this heavey color painting and calligraphy， the species of mildew on the surface of the painting and calligraphy were separated， purified and identified， and the simulated samples of mineral pigment and non-mineral pigment mildew were made by using the successfully cultivated strains. Four cleaning solutions， 75% alcohol cleaning solution， 3% papain cleaning solution， 3% papain and 0.05% ascorbic acid compound cleaning solution， and 3% papain and 5% betaine compound cleaning solution were used to clean mildew. The results showed that the cleaning solution combined with 3% papain and 5% betaine compound cleaning solution had a good cleaning effect on the non-mineral pigment mold samples， and had less impact on the color difference， gloss， pH value， and physical properties of mineral and non-mineral pigment heavy-colored paper samples. Therefore， it could be used for cleaning mold stains produced by Aspergillus glaucus.