国家博物馆藏清代《通鉴纪事本末》纸墨材料的科学研究

Research on Paper and Ink Materials of Qing Dynasty “Tong Jian Ji Shi Ben Mo” Collected in the National Museum of China

关键词:  古籍修复  墨迹  纸质文物保存  纸张挥发性有机物  箭型固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱

Key Words:ancient books reparation  lnk  paper cultural relics preservation  paper volatile organic compounds  SPME Arrow-GC/MS

摘要:本研究以中国国家博物馆藏清代刻本《通鉴纪事本末》为研究对象，利用扫描电子显微镜-能谱（SEM-EDS）、大幅面微区XRF成像（MA-XRF）、显微共聚焦拉曼光谱（Raman）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、箭型固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱（SPME Arrow-GC/MS）研究了古籍纸张的无机元素、化学结构、印刷墨迹成分、挥发性有机物组成等。结果表明，古籍纸张的无机元素主要为Ca、S、K，并在潮线处富集；墨迹颜料为松烟墨；护页纸张保存状况较好，无明显氧化。对纸张挥发性有机物的非靶筛查共筛选出58种化合物，其中既包含了纸张的老化产物，也包括使用和历史保存过程中吸附的物质，这些物质共同构成了古籍的“旧书气味”。

Abstract:This study focused on the Qing Dynasty printed edition of “Tong Jian Ji Shi Ben Mo” collected by the National Museum of China. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy （SEM-EDS）， Macro X-ray Fluorescence （MA-XRF）， Laser Confocal Micro Raman Spectrometer （Raman）， Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FT-IR）， and Solid Phase Microextraction-Arrow Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry （SPME Arrow-GC/MS） were utilized to investigate the inorganic elements， chemical structure， ink composition， and emitted gas components of the ancient books. The results showed that the inorganic elements of the ancient book were mainly Ca， S， and K， which were enriched at the tide line， the ink pigment was pinewood soot， the condition of the protective pages was relatively good， with no significant oxidation. A non-targeted screening of the gases emitted from the paper identified 58 compounds， including aging products of the paper as well as substances adsorbed during using and historical preservation， forming the “old book smell” of the ancient book.