生物质塑料材料降解方式及效果的研究进展

Research Progress on Degradation Methods and Effects of Biomass Plastic Materials

关键词:  生物质塑料  土埋降解  海洋条件降解  酶降解  光催化降解

Key Words:biomass plastics  soil-embedded degradation  marine condition degradation  enzyme degradation  photocatalytic degradation

摘要:生物质塑料材料是以植物或其他生物材料为主要基质制备而成的，如聚乳酸、淀粉、聚羟基烷酸酯、聚己内酯等，其具有环境友好、可降解等优势，可应用于医学、微电子和农业等研究领域，是取代石油基塑料材料最具潜力的材料之一。目前，由于生物质塑料材料的机械强度或抗水等性能与石油基塑料仍有较大差距，通常对其进行复合材料掺杂或改性以改善其整体性能，但会对其降解过程和降解效果产生一定影响。本文针对生物质塑料材料的不同原料组成进行总结，并将生物质塑料材料进行土埋降解、海洋条件降解、酶降解以及光催化降解，阐述材料的降解效果，评价材料的降解性能，同时对生物质塑料材料的降解途径进行总结，以期为生物质塑料材料的环保特性提供实验支撑。

Abstract:Biomass plastic materials are prepared from plants or other biological materials as the main matrix， such as polylactic acid， starch， polyhydroxyalkanoate， polycaprolactone， etc.， which have the advantages of being environmentally friendly and degradable， and can be applied in the fields of medicine， microelectronics， and agriculture， and are the most promising materials to replace petroleum-based plastic materials. At present， as the performance of biomass plastic materials， such as mechanical strength or water resistance， still have a large gap with petroleum-based plastics， they are usually doped or modified with composite materials to improve their overall performance， but that will have a certain impact on composite materials’ degradation process and effectiveness. This paper summarized different raw material compositions of biomass plastic materials based on their soil-embedded degradation， marine condition degradation， enzyme degradation， and photocatalytic degradationtests to elaborate the degradation effect of the materials and to evaluate their degradation performance. The degradation pathways of biomass plastic materials were also summarized to provide experimental support for the environmental characteristics of biomass plastic materials.