木质纤维素预处理方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Lignocellulose Pretreatment Methods

关键词:  木质纤维素  预处理  生物炼制

Key Words:lignocellulose  pretreatment  biorefining

摘要:木质纤维素主要包括纤维素、半纤维素和木质素，同时也含有少量的果胶、树脂、蛋白质和其他可提取物质以及无机灰分。高效利用木质纤维素制备高附加值化合物，对缓解未来能源紧缺的问题有着重要意义。但纤维素、半纤维素和木质素之间复杂的交织结构，导致可利用组分无法高效转化。因此，木质纤维素的预处理技术作为生产高附加值产物的上游工艺亟待获得重视与应用，以“疏松”或“打破”木质纤维素的晶体结构，增加各组分可及度和反应位点，提高反应效率。本文详细阐述了国内外物理法、化学法、生物法及联合处理法等木质纤维素预处理方法的研究进展，总结了各类预处理方法的优缺点，展望了木质纤维素预处理的未来发展前景，为木质纤维素预处理技术提供新思路。

Abstract:Lignocellulose is mainly composed of cellulose， hemicellulose， lignin， and small amounts of pectin， resins， proteins， other extractable substances， and inorganic ashes. The efficient use of lignocellulose for the preparation of high value-added compounds plays an important role in alleviating the future energy shortage. However， the complex interweaving structure of cellulose， hemicellulose， and lignin prevented the efficient conversion of each component. Therefore， as an upstream process for the production of high value-added products， the pretreatment technology of lignocellulose needs to be paid attention to and applied， which is aimed to “loosen” or “break” the crystal structure of lignocellulose， to increase the accessibility of each component and the reaction site， and to improve the reaction efficiency. In this paper， the research progress of physical， chemical， biological， and combined treatment methods of lignocellulose pretreatment at home and abroad was described in details， the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods were summarized， and the future development prospect was prospeced， so as to provide new ideas for the pretreatment technology of lignocellulose.